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International Legislation, Policies and Regulations Related to Chimpanzees in Research |
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Country |
Type of action |
Year enacted |
Comments |
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CITES1 member countries (includes US) |
International
agreement |
1975, 1977 |
Chimpanzees listed under CITES Appendix II, Appendix I, respectively. |
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United Kingdom |
Policy |
19972 |
Licenses for the conduct of research on nonhuman great apes3 will no longer be granted. |
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New Zealand |
Legislation |
2000 |
Stringent restrictions on the use of nonhuman great apes in research. |
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United States |
Legislation (CHIMP Act: P.L. 106-551) |
2000 |
Individual chimpanzees determined as "no longer needed" for research are transferred to a national sanctuary. |
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Netherlands |
Legislation: an amendment to the Dutch Law on Animal Experiments |
2002 |
The use of great apes in biomedical experiments is prohibited. |
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Sweden |
Regulations |
2003 |
The use of nonhuman apes4 in research is prohibited. |
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Australia |
Policy statement |
2003 |
The use of great apes must be approved and must "potentially benefit the animal used or the species." |
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Austria |
Legislation |
20065 |
The use of nonhuman apes in research is prohibited. |
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Japan |
Agreement |
2006 |
The last pharmaceutical company conducting invasive research on chimpanzees agreed to stop. |
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Balearic Islands |
Resolution |
2007 |
Great apes are granted fundamental legal rights. |
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Spain |
Legislation |
Pending |
Great apes will be legally protected from "slavery, torture, death, and extinction." |
1. CITES is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
2. Although the United Kingdom has had its policy in place since 1997, great apes haven't been used in research there since 1986.
3. The term "nonhuman great ape" refers to chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans
4. The term "nonhuman ape" includes great apes as well as gibbons (also known as "small apes").
5. Austria has not used apes in research since 2002.
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